The digital transformation brings valuable innovations, but undeniably poses new challenges for organizations. In sectors considered vital to the functioning of our society - think healthcare, energy supply, transportation and government - the interconnectedness with digital service providers is greater than ever. With this is also the vulnerability to cyber threats and the risk of [...]
In the Netherlands, the "taking" of trade secret information can also be criminally prosecuted under circumstances, particularly via computer hacking (art. 138ab Sr) when someone uses systems with their own login credentials for a purpose for which such access was not granted. This route is not limited to espionage-like cases, but can also come into play for seemingly innocent assistance to a (former) colleague, especially if downloading, exporting or forwarding is involved. In practice, the civil route (Wbb e.v.) usually remains the quickest and most steerable, but criminal law may be appropriate as an additional route in serious or systematic abuse scenarios.
The product liability rules we know today are almost 40 years old. The European directive[1] dates back to 1985, an era of the Walkman and fax machines. We now live in a digital and circular economy, in which products are often no longer purely tangible but contain complex software. Global supply chains have also made it more complicated to [...]
